BIOS Password Crack

 This is a password hack but it clears the BIOS such that the next time you start the PC, the CMOS does not ask for any password. Now if you are able to bring the DOS prompt up, then you will be able to change the BIOS setting to the default. To clear the CMOS do the following:
Get DOS prompt and type:

Code:

DEBUG hit enter
-o 70 2e hit enter
-o 71 ff hit enter
-q hit enter
exit hit enter

Restart the computer . It works on most versions of the AWARD BIOS.

Accessing information on the hard disk

When you turn on the host machine, enter the CMOS setup menu (usually you have to press F2, or DEL, or CTRL+ALT+S during the boot sequence) and go to STANDARD CMOS SETUP, and set the channel to which you have put the hard disk as TYPE=Auto, MODE=AUTO, then SAVE & EXIT SETUP. Now you have access to the hard disk.

Standard BIOS backdoor passwords 
The first, less invasive, attempt to bypass a BIOS password is to try on of these standard manufacturer’s backdoor passwords:

AWARD BIOS
AWARD SW, AWARD_SW, Award SW, AWARD PW, _award, awkward, J64, j256, j262, j332, j322, 01322222, 589589, 589721, 595595, 598598, HLT, SER, SKY_FOX, aLLy, aLLY, Condo, CONCAT, TTPTHA, aPAf, HLT, KDD, ZBAAACA, ZAAADA, ZJAAADC, djonet

AMI BIOS
AMI, A.M.I., AMI SW, AMI_SW, BIOS, PASSWORD, HEWITT RAND, Oder

Other passwords you may try (for AMI/AWARD or other BIOSes)

LKWPETER, lkwpeter, BIOSTAR, biostar, BIOSSTAR, biosstar, ALFAROME, Syxz, Wodj

Note that the key associated to “_” in the US keyboard corresponds to “?” in some European keyboards (such as Italian and German ones), so — for example — you should type AWARD?SW when using those keyboards. Also remember that passwords are Case Sensitive. The last two passwords in the AWARD BIOS list are in Russian.

Flashing BIOS via software

If you have access to the computer when it’s turned on, you could try one of those programs that remove the password from the BIOS, by invalidating its memory. However, it might happen you don’t have one of those programs when you have access to the computer, so you’d better learn how to do manually what they do. You can reset the BIOS to its default values using the MS-DOS tool DEBUG (type DEBUG at the command prompt. You’d better do it in pure MS-DOS mode, not from a MS-DOS shell window in Windows). Once you are in the debug environment enter the following commands:

AMI/AWARD BIOS

Code:

O 70 17
O 71 17
Q

PHOENIX BIOS

Code:

O 70 FF
O 71 17
Q

GENERIC
Invalidates CMOS RAM.
Should work on all AT motherboards
(XT motherboards don’t have CMOS)

Code:

O 70 2E
O 71 FF
Q

Note that the first letter is a “O” not the number “0″. The numbers which follow are two bytes in hex format.

Flashing BIOS via hardware 
If you can’t access the computer when it’s on, and the standard backdoor passwords didn’t work, you’ll have to flash the BIOS via hardware. Please read the important notes at the end of this section before to try any of these methods.
Using the jumpers

The canonical way to flash the BIOS via hardware is to plug, unplug, or switch a jumper on the motherboard (for “switching a jumper” I mean that you find a jumper that joins the central pin and a side pin of a group of three pins, you should then unplug the jumper and then plug it to the central pin and to the pin on the opposite side, so if the jumper is normally on position 1-2, you have to put it on position 2-3, or vice versa). This jumper is not always located near to the BIOS, but could be anywhere on the motherboard. To find the correct jumper you should read the motherboard’s manual.

Once you’ve located the correct jumper, switch it (or plug or unplug it, depending from what the manual says) whilethe computer is turned OFF. Wait a couple of seconds then put the jumper back to its original position. In some motherboards it may happen that the computer will automatically turn itself on, after flashing the BIOS. In this case, turn it off, and put the jumper back to its original position, then turn it on again. Other motherboards require you turnthe computer on for a few seconds to flash the BIOS.

If you don’t have the motherboard’s manual, you’ll have to “brute force” it… trying out all the jumpers. In this case, try first the isolated ones (not in a group), the ones near to the BIOS, and the ones you can switch (as I explained before). If all them fail, try all the others. However, you must modify the status of only one jumper per attempt, otherwise you could damage the motherboard (since you don’t know what the jumper you modified is actually meant for). If the password request screen still appear, try another one.

If after flashing the BIOS, the computer won’t boot when you turn it on, turn it off, and wait some seconds before to retry.

Removing the battery

If you can’t find the jumper to flash the BIOS or if such jumper doesn’t exist, you can removethe battery that keeps the BIOS memory alive. It’s a button-size battery somewhere on the motherboard (on elder computers the battery could be a small, typically blue, cylinder soldered to the motherboard, but usually has a jumper on its side to disconnect it, otherwise you’ll have to unsolder it and then solder it back). Take it away for 15-30 minutes or more, then put it back and the data contained into the BIOS memory should be volatilized. I’d suggest you to remove it for about one hour to be sure, because if you put it back when the data aren’t erased yet you’ll have to wait more time, as you’ve never removed it. If at first it doesn’t work, try to remove the battery overnight.

Important note: in laptop and notebooks you don’t have to remove the computer’s power batteries (which would be useless), but you should open your computer and remove the CMOS battery from the motherboard.

Short-circuiting the chip

Another way to clear the CMOS RAM is to reset it by short circuiting two pins of the BIOS chip for a few seconds. You can do that with a small piece of electric wire or with a bent paper clip. Always make sure that the computer is turned OFF before to try this operation.

Here is a list of EPROM chips that are commonly used in the BIOS industry. You may find similar chips with different names if they are compatible chips made by another brand. If you find the BIOS chip you are working on matches with one of the following you can try to short-circuit the appropriate pins. Be careful, because this operation may damage the chip.
CHIPS P82C206 (square)

Short together pins 12 and 32 (the first and the last pins on the bottom edge of the chip) or pins 74 and 75 (the two pins on the upper left corner).

Code:

       gnd
       74
        |__________________
5v 75--|                   |
       |                   |
       |                   |
       |       CHIPS       |
   1 * |                   |
       |      P82C206      |
       |                   |
       |                   |
       |___________________|
        |                 |
        | gnd             | 5v
        12                32

OPTi F82C206 (rectangular)
Short together pins 3 and 26 (third pin from left side and fifth pin from right side on the bottom edge).

Code:

    80              51
     |______________|
81 -|                |- 50
    |                |
    |                |
    |      OPTi      |
    |                |
    |     F82C206    |
    |                |
100-|________________|-31
     ||           | |
   1 ||           | | 30
      3           26

Dallas DS1287, DS1287A
Benchmarq bp3287MT, bq3287AMT
The Dallas DS1287 and DS1287A, and the compatible Benchmarq bp3287MT and bq3287AMT chips have a built-in battery. This battery should last up to ten years. Any motherboard using these chips should not have an additional battery  (this means you can’t flash the BIOS by removing a battery). When the battery fails, the RTC chip would be replaced.

CMOS RAM can be cleared on the 1287A and 3287AMT chips by shorting pins 12 and 21.
The 1287 (and 3287MT) differ from the 1287A in that the CMOS RAM can’t be cleared. If there is a problem such as a forgotten password, the chip must be replaced. (In this case it is recommended to replace the 1287 with a 1287A). Also the Dallas 12887 and 12887A are similar but contain twice as much CMOS RAM storage.

Code:

         __________
     1 -| *  U     |-  24 5v
     2 -|          |-  23
     3 -|          |-  22
     4 -|          |-  21 RCL (RAM Clear)
     5 -|          |-  20
     6 -|          |-  19
     7 -|          |-  18
     8 -|          |-  17
     9 -|          |-  16
    10 -|          |-  15
    11 -|          |-  14
gnd 12 -|__________|-  13

NOTE: Although these are 24-pin chips,
the Dallas chips may be missing 5 pins,
these are unused pins.
Most chips have unused pins,
though usually they are still present.

Dallas DS12885S
Benchmarq bq3258S
Hitachi HD146818AP
Samsung KS82C6818A
This is a rectangular 24-pin DIP chip, usually in a socket. The number on the chip should end in 6818. Although this chip is pin-compatible with the Dallas 1287/1287A, there is no built-in battery.
Short together pins 12 and 24.

Code:

5v
 24          20                   13
 |___________|____________________|
|                                  |
|             DALLAS               |
|>                                 |
|            DS12885S              |
|                                  |
|__________________________________|
 |                                |
 1                                12
                                  gnd

Motorola MC146818AP
Short pins 12 and 24. These are the pins on diagonally opposite corners – lower left and upper right. You might also try pins 12 and 20.

Code:

          __________
     1  -| *  U     |-  24 5v
     2  -|          |-  23
     3  -|          |-  22
     4  -|          |-  21
     5  -|          |-  20
     6  -|          |-  19
     7  -|          |-  18
     8  -|          |-  17
     9  -|          |-  16
    10  -|          |-  15
    11  -|          |-  14
gnd 12  -|__________|-  13

Replacing the chip

If nothing works, you could replace the existing BIOS chip with a new one you can buy from your specialized electronic shop or your computer supplier. It’s a quick operation if the chip is inserted on a base and not soldered to the motherboard, otherwise you’ll have to unsolder it and then put the new one. In this case would be more convenient to solder a base on which you’ll then plug the new chip, in the eventuality that you’ll have to change it again. If you can’t find the BIOS chip specifically made for your motherboard, you should buy one of the same type (probably one of the ones shown above) and look in your motherboard manufacturer’s website to see if there’s the BIOS image to download. Then you should copy that image on the chip you bought with an EPROM programmer.

Important

Whether is the method you use, when you flash the BIOS not only the password, but also all the other configuration data will be reset to the factory defaults, so when you are booting for the first time after a BIOS flash, you should enter the CMOS configuration menu (as explained before) and fix up some things.

Also, when you boot Windows, it may happen that it finds some new device, because of the new configuration of the BIOS, in this case you’ll probably need the Windows installation CD because Windows may ask you for some external files. If Windows doesn’t see the CD-ROM try to eject and re-insert the CD-ROM again. If Windows can’t find the CD-ROM drive and you set it properly from the BIOS config, just reboot with the reset key, and in the next run Windows should find it. However most files needed by the system while installing new hardware could also be found in C:WINDOWS, C:WINDOWSSYSTEM, or C:WINDOWSINF .

Key Disk for Toshiba laptops

Some Toshiba notebooks allow to bypass BIOS by inserting a “key-disk” in the floppy disk drive while booting. To create a Toshiba Keydisk, take a 720Kb or 1.44Mb floppy disk, format it (if it’s not formatted yet), then use a hex editor such as Hex Workshop to change the first five bytes of the second sector (the one after the boot sector) and set them to 4B 45 59 00 00 (note that the first three bytes are the ASCII for “KEY” :) followed by two zeroes). Once you have created the key disk put it into the notebook’s drive and turn it on, then push the reset button and when asked for password, press Enter. You will be asked to Set Password again. Press Y and Enter. You’ll enter the BIOS configuration where you can set a new password.

Key protected cases

A final note about those old computers (up to 486 and early Pentiums) protected with a key that prevented the use of the mouse and the keyboard or the power button. All you have to do with them is to follow the wires connected to the key hole, locate the jumper to which they are connected and unplug it.

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Bypass Login In Website

  Note this only works on website's which allow "searching" bots to looking at.
So sometimes you are lazy to login or you forget password and you quick need some information.

So good way is faking UA <- User Agent

Lets consider an example of firefox:-

Type in URL bar following:

about:config

then you should see a lot of options which can be changed

1cm down u will see "Filter:"

Type in box

"useragent" without quotes

We need to change just

general.useragent.extra.firefox

Deafult is Firefox x.x.x or something like that^^

So how to bypass login on that websites?

just double click & type in that field

Code:
Googlebot/2.X
Code:

www.googlebot.com/bot.html

So websites will think you are google bot and allow you to searching on website without login

Thats also good way if you want your useragent stay hidden

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Hacking Gmail Accounts Using GX Cookie

Disclaimer: This post is only for educational purpose.

The method we will be using is cookie stealing and replaying the same back to the Gmail server. There are many ways you can steal cookie, one of them is XSS (Cross site scripting) discussed by other is earlier post. But we won’t be using any XSS here, in our part of attack we will use some local tool to steal cookie and use that cookie to get an access to Gmail account.

Assumption:

• you are in Local Area Network (LAN) in a switched / wireless environment : example : office , cyber café, Mall etc.
• You know basic networking.

Tool used for this attack:

• Cain & Abel
• Network Miner
• Firefox web browser with Cookie Editor add-ons

Attack in detail:
      We assume you are connected to LAN/Wireless network. Our main goal is to capture Gmail GX cookie from the network. We can only capture cookie when someone is actually using his gmail. I’ve noticed normally in lunch time in office, or during shift start people normally check their emails. If you are in cyber café or in Mall then there are more chances of catching people using Gmail.
We will go step by step,
If you are using Wireless network then you can skip this Step A.
A] Using Cain to do ARP poisoning and routing:
Switch allows unicast traffic mainly to pass through its ports. When X and Y are communicating eachother in switch network then Z will not come to know what X & Y are communicating, so inorder to sniff that communication you would have to poison ARP table of switch for X & Y. In Wireless you don’t have to do poisoning because Wireless Access points act like HUB which forwards any communication to all its ports (recipients).

• Start Cain from Start > Program > Cain > Cain
• Click on Start/Stop Sniffer tool icon from the tool bar, we will first scan the network to see what all IPs are used in the network and this list will also help us to launch an attack on the victim.
• Then click on Sniffer Tab then Host Tab below. Right click within that spreadsheet and click on Scan Mac Addresses, from the Target section select.

All hosts in my subnet and then press Ok. This will list all host connected in your network. You will notice you won’t see your Physical IP of your machine in that list.

How to check your physical IP ?
> Click on start > Run type cmd and press enter, in the command prompt type
Ipconfig and enter. This should show your IP address assign to your PC.
It will have following outputs:
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : xyz.com
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.2
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.1.1
Main thing to know here is your IP address and your Default Gateway.
Make a note of your IP Address & default gateway. From Cain you will see list of IP addresses, here you have to choose any free IP address which is not used anywhere. We assume IP 192.168.1.10 is not used anywhere in the network.

• Click on Configure > APR > Use Spoofed IP and MAC Address > IP

Type in 192.168.1.10 and from the poisoning section click on “Use ARP request Packets” and click on OK.

• Within the Sniffer Tab , below click on APR Tab, from the left hand side click on APR and now click on the right hand top spreadsheet then click on plus sign tool from top. The moment you click that it will show you list of IP address on left hand side. Here we will target the victim IP address and the default gateway.

The purpose is to do ARP poisoning between victim and the default gateway and route the victim traffic via your machine. From the left side click on Victim IP address, we assume victim is using 192.168.1.15. The moment you click on victim IP you will see remaining list on the right hand side here you have to select default gateway IP address i.e. 192.168.1.1 then click ok

• • Finally, Click on Start/Stop Sniffer tool menu once again and next click on Start/Stop APR. This will start poisoning victim and default gateway.

B] Using Network Miner to capture cookie in plain text
We are using Network miner to capture cookie, but Network miner can be used for manythings from capturing text , image, HTTP parameters, files. Network Miner is normally used in Passive reconnaissance to collect IP, domain and OS finger print of the connected device to your machine. If you don’t have Network miner you can use any other sniffer available like Wireshark, Iris network scanner, NetWitness etc.
We are using This tool because of its ease to use.

• Open Network Miner by clicking its exe (pls note it requires .Net framework to work).
• From the “—Select network adaptor in the list—“ click on down arrow and select your adaptor If you are using Ethernet wired network then your adaptor would have Ethernet name and IP address of your machine and if you are using wireless then adaptor name would contain wireless and your IP address. Select the one which you are using and click on start.

Important thing before you start this make sure you are not browsing any websites, or using any Instant Mesaging and you have cleared all cookies from firefox.

• Click on Credential Tab above. This tab will capture all HTTP cookies , pay a close look on “Host” column you should see somewhere mail.google.com. If you could locate mail.google.com entry then in the same entry right click at Username column and click on “copy username” then open notepad and paste the copied content there.
• Remove word wrap from notepad and search for GX in the line. Cookie which you have captured will contain many cookies from gmail each would be separated by semicolon ( GX cookie will start with GX= and will end with semicolon you would have to copy everything between = and semicolon

Example : GX= axcvb1mzdwkfefv ; ßcopy only axcvb1mzdwkfefv
Now we have captured GX cookie its time now to use this cookie and replay the attack and log in to victim email id, for this we will use firefox and cookie editor add-ons.
C] Using Firefox & cookie Editor to replay attack.

• Open Firefox and log in your gmail email account.
• from firefox click on Tools > cookie Editor.
• In the filter box type .google.com and Press Filter and from below list search for cookiename GX. If you locate GX then double click on that GX cookie and then from content box delete everything and paste your captured GX cookie from stepB.4 and click on save and then close.
• From the Address bar of Firefox type mail.google.com and press enter, this should replay victim GX cookie to Gmail server and you would get logged in to victim Gmail email account.
• Sorry! You can’t change password with cookie attack.

How to be saved from this kind of attack?

Google has provided a way out for this attack where you can use secure cookie instead of unsecure cookie. You can enable secure cookie option to always use https from Gmail settings.

Settings > Browser connection > Always use https

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How To Remove Default Admin Share : Vulnerability For 139 Port

By default Windows 2000, Windows XP and WinNT automatically setup hidden admin shares (admin$, c$ and d$), this registry key will disable these hidden shares. 
When 139 port is open, one can easily create a null session by brute forcing this Share.
So, every security professional is supposed to Get Out of this , which may b done in following manner.

System Key: [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ System\ CurrentControlSet\ Services\ LanmanServer\ Parameters]
Value Name: AutoShareWks
Data Type: REG_DWORD (DWORD Value)
Value Data: (0 = disable shares, 1 = enable)

This registry key actually stops the recreation of the shares, therefore it may be necessary to delete the shares through the drive properties also or you can also remove the shares through the Computer Management Console.
 
1. In Control Panel, double-click Administrative Tools, and then double-click Computer Management.

2. Click to expand Shared Folders, and then click Shares.

3. In the Shared Folder column, right-click the share you want to delete, click Stop sharing, and then click OK.

Note : To remove the admin share for only the current session use the second method (Computer Management console), if you want a permanent removal, add the AutoShareWks registry.

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